Goal 14: Life Below Water. [42] Ultimately, governments and international agencies act as gatekeepers, interfering with needed stakeholder participation in decision making. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, "Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development", Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. [45] Several countries, including Kenya and Tanzania, have banned the use of plastic bags for retail purchases. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. 14 The official wording is to "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development". Learn more about SDG 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development: The oceans cover more than 70 per cent of the surface of our planet and play a key role in supporting life on earth. The ten targets include reducing marine pollution (14.1), protecting and restoring ecosystems (14.2), reducing ocean acidification (14.3), sustainable fishing (14.4), conserving coastal and marine areas (14.5), ending subsidies contributing to overfishing (14.6), increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources (14.7), increase scientific knowledge (14.a), supporting small scale fishers (14.b) and implementing and enforcing international sea law (14.c). Area expansion versus effective and equitable management in international marine protected areas goals and targets. Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of ocean. Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water. O’Leary, B. C., Ban, N. C., Fernandez, M., Friedlander, A. M., García-Borboroglu, P., Golbuu, Y., Guidetti, P., Harris, J. M., Hawkins, J. P., Langlois, T., McCauley, D. J., Pikitch, E. K., Richmond, R. H., & Roberts, C. M. (2018). Busting myths that hinder an agreement to end harmful fisheries subsidies. These SDGs include ‘no poverty’ (SDG 1), ‘zero hunger’ (SDG 2), ‘decent work and economic growth’ (SDG 8), ‘reduced inequalities’ (SDG 10) and ‘responsible consumption and production’ (SGD 12). [12] Poor decisions in resource management can compromise conservation, local livelihood, and resource sustainability goals. Marine Policy, 100, 192–199. Goal 14: Life Below Water. The ocean contains nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions. The market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at US$3 trillion per year, about 5 percent of global GDP. Improving the health of Southeast Asia's largest lake. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [18], The "Floating Plastic Debris Density" refers to the modelled macro and micro plastics distribution in the ocean. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.6.1 is the "progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing". The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. However, today we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks overexploited, reaching below the level at which they can produce sustainable yields. 14. Progress towards each target is being measured with one indicator each. Enhancing conservation and the sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help mitigate some of the challenges facing our oceans. The contribution of sustainable fisheries to the global GDP was around 0.1% per year. [18], The full title of Target 14.3 is: "Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels". Protecting the biodiversity of the Banco San Miguel and Bahía de Asunción Ecological Reserve. Goal 14 Targets. Oceans and fisheries support the global population’s economic, social and environmental needs. [7][9] Some targets have a target year of 2020, some have a target year of 2025 and some have no end year. [4] Because of the absorbed carbons, seawater becomes more acidic and its pH levels drops significantly. [24] Conserving coastal and marine areas has many benefits including maintaining the biodiversity and endangered species, providing areas where fish are able to reproduce, swan and grow to their adult size, maintaining local cultures, economies and livelihoods that are linked to the marine environment. As climate, biodiversity and land degradation are major parts of the issues surrounding the deterioration of marine environments and oceans, it is important to know how each Rio Convention implements this SDG. [26] One of the key drivers of global overfishing is illegal fishing. 14. The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030. It threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime. But if these subsidies result in overfishing, undermining the ecological resilience of the resource, there will be no long-term benefits to the communities. Most SDG 14 targets are not measurable in quantitative terms because the data is not available yet; only target 14.5 is quantifiable. “Without concerted efforts, coastal eutrophication is expected to increase in 20 per cent of large marine ecosystems by 2050.”[10], Characterized by extinctions, invasions, hybridizations and reductions in the abundance of species, marine biodiversity is currently in global decline. 14.1 . Sturesson, A., Weitz, N. and Persson, Å. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. BioScience, 68(5), 359–370. A., Kenny, T.-A., McOwen, C. J., Asch, R., Geffert, J. L., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Sumaila, R., Hanich, Q., & Ota, Y. A full 30 percent of marine habitats have been destroyed, and 30 percent of the world's fish stocks are over-exploited. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. [41], As conservation of marine resources is critical to the well-being of local fishing communities and their livelihoods, related management actions may lead to changes in human behavior to support conservation programs to achieve their goals. GOAL 14 TARGETS . [16] This indicator aims at protecting and managing sustainably the marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid adverse impacts. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counter balance the effects of climate change. Rare sea turtles flourish as a community bands together. Goal 14: Life Below Water. van Putten, I. E., Plagányi, É. E., Booth, K., Cvitanovic, C., Kelly, R., Punt, A. E., & Richards, S. A. The ocean absorbs about 30 percent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. UNDP is responding to the most pressing issue we face as a species with what we hope will be the largest-ever global survey on climate change. 14. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.4.1 is "the proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels". [29], The full title of Target 14.a is: "Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries".[1]. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: Singh, G. G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Swartz, W., Cheung, W., Guy, J. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [25], The full title of Target 14.6 is: "By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation". Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., & Sumaila, U. R. (2019). Each area has a specific level of protection and a specific allowed range of activities. [19] This ocean acidification impacts many species especially organisms like oysters and corals. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.a.1. They are the most diverse and important ecosystem, contributing to global and regional elemental cycling, and regulating the climate. Favorite. Cheung, J.G. 14 This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.2.1 is "the proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches". Voss, R., Quaas, M. F., Schmidt, J. O., Stoeven, M. T., Francis, T. B., Levin, P. S., Armitage, D. R., Cleary, J. S., Jones, R. R., Lee, L. C., Okamoto, D. K., Silver, J. J., Thornton, T. F., Dressel, S. C., MacCall, A. D., & Punt, A. E. (2018). 0.0/5. "[1], It has one indicator: Indicator 14.1. is the "Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density"[16], The "Index of Coastal Eutrophication (ICEP), refers to the inputs of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica, in different forms) from rivers, and corresponding nutrient-ratio sub-indicator. This leads to a series of chemical reactions in the seawater and has a negative spillover on the ocean and the living species living below water. These concerns cover three dimensions: resource management, conflicts between rival countries, and tradeoffs between people's needs and the environment. Goal 14. The resulting impacts of rising sea levels by 20 centimeters since the start of the 20th century and the increase of ocean acidity by 30% since the Industrial Revolution has contributed to the melting of ice sheets through the thermal expansion of sea water. [46][47] Improving the oceans contributes to poverty reduction, as it gives low-income families a source of income and healthy food. They are the world’s largest ecosystem, home to nearly a million known species. Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life below water Oceans cover more than 70% of the planet and are a source of food and income for more than 10% of the world’s population. [31] Concerns regarding ocean health in destructive fishing practices and marine pollution were discussed, in looking at the role of local communities of small island developing States (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) to not forget that oceans are a large part of their economies.[31]. [17], The full title of Target 14.2 is: "By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans".[1]. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Sustainable fisheries means leaving enough fish in the ocean while also respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods. A levels of fish stocks is sustainable if it is underexploited or fully exploited. [9] Approximately 1 million sea birds, 100 000 marine mammals, and an unknown number of fish are harmed or die annually due to marine pollution caused by humans. More than 3 billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. Goal 14: Life Below Water. [32] The resource management challenge relates to inadequate monitoring and enforcement of the conservation and protection measures. This indicators aims to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries. United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. [20], The full title of Target 14.4 is: "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".[1]. [26], The WWF estimates that the global losses of illegal fishing cost up to $36.4 billion each year. The World Trade Organization is dedicated to implementing Target 6 of SDG 14 ("End subsidies contributing to overfishing") and discontinue fishery subsidies. Changing direction on Myanmar's second largest lake, under threat from climate change and unsustainable farming. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Goal 14 Targets. [7] Marine pollution has reached shocking levels; each minute, 15 tons of plastic are released into the oceans. Nations can also take action. Goal 14: Life Below Water. How the SDGs address violence against women. Views 18. ninaunited4sc Published 2 weeks ago. Goal 14: Life Below Water. 14 Goal 14 Targets. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains … Quantifying the benefits of spatial fisheries management – An ecological-economic optimization approach. Effective strategies to mitigate adverse effects of increased ocean acidification are needed to advance the sustainable use of oceans. The full title of Target 14.c is: "Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want"." [1] The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030. "[28], Fisheries and aquaculture can contribute to alleviating poverty, hunger, malnutrition and economic growth. (2018). Oceans alleviate the impact of climate change and absorb around 23% of the annual emissions of various forms of carbons, the most concerning being carbon dioxide. [43] The way to best safeguard life in oceans is to implement effective management strategies around marine environments. [4], The Preparatory Meeting to the UN Ocean Conference convened in New York, US, in February 2017, to discuss the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14. International law, as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), stressed the need to include governance instruments to consider “anthropogenic activities taking place outside of the ocean”. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Share. A Review of Research Needs, "Goal 14 .:. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.5.1 is the "coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas". Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water | United … [4], The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations. On Earth Day, harnessing the power of nature to heal herself. [33] Tradeoffs between people's needs and the environment relates to addressing people's livelihoods in an equitable fashion. Goal 14 Targets. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. (2018). In Norway, for instance, citizens, working through a web page called finn.no, can earn money for picking up plastic on the beach. The final Floating Plastics Debris Density indicators will be ready by 2020. The basis for this is that over 93 percent of the global fisheries stocks are already fully exploited. The amount of plastics in large marine ecosystems are measured based on "a model of surface water circulation and the use of proxy inputs". The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. [27] According to the FAO, "around 57 million people worked in the primary sector of capture fisheries, the vast majority in small-scale fisheries. The full title of Target 14.b is: "Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets".[1]. The last three targets are "means of achieving" targets: To increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health; support small scale fishers; implement and enforce international sea law.[1]. Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, M.S. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Assigning Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) (at least 100,000 square km in area) aims to reduce the consequences of resource exploitation (e.g. A tiny South Pacific island gets a new lease on life with solar energy. Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Goal 14 or SDG 14) is about "Life below water" and is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. [35], Climate impacts on marine ecosystem services related to primary industries that provide food, income and livelihood to people have direct implications for a range of SDGs. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018, Global Marine Governance and Oceans Management for the Achievement of SDG 14, "Addressing Uncertainty in Marine Resource Management; Combining Community Engagement and Tracking Technology to Characterize Human Behavior", Issue Paper: A preliminary assessment of indicators for SDG 14 on “Oceans”, "Goal 14: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", "Goal 14: Life below Water - SDG Tracker", "Ocean acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration", SDG 14: Life Below Water. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. [5], The outcome document of the UN Summit on the 2030 Agenda: "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", includes an emphasis "to protect the planet from degradation, including sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations."[6]. Long-term observations of ocean acidification over the past 30 years have shown an average increase of acidity of 26 per cent since pre-industrial times, and at this rate, an increase of 100 to 150 per cent is predicted by the end of the century, with serious consequences for marine life. It has been found that 95 percent of fulmars in Norway have plastic parts in their guts. 14. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 14: Life Below Water : Goal 14: Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases. #Envision2030 Goal 14: Life Below Water Imagine the world in 2030, fully inclusive of persons with disabilities Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use … Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. The increase in levels of greenhouse gases leading to changes in climate negatively affects the world's oceans and marine coastal communities. is the "progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries". Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. 14. Goal 14: Life Below Water . Marine Policy, 109, 103699. Some countries might use LSMPAs as diplomatic leverage to pursue other advantages. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. The deterioration of coastal waters has become a global occurrence, due to pollution and coastal eutrophication (overflow of nutrients in water), where similar contributing factors to climate change can affect oceans and negatively impact marine biodiversity. (2019). The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Marine Policy, 93, 223–231. [2] Oceans are the source of life of the planet and the global climate system regulator. Campbell, L. M., & Gray, N. J. [2], Climate action (SDG 13) is used as a way of protecting the world's oceans. https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/space4sdgs/sdg14.html According to the 2020 report on progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, the current efforts to protect oceans, marine environments and small-scale fishers are not meeting the need to protect the resources. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the ocean's pH today is 8.1. Goal 14: Life Below Water. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [3] They are essential for making the planet livable. Usually LSMPAs involve multiple countries making up disparate adjoined geographic areas. The official wording is to "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development". This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.c.1. Marine biodiversity and resource management – what is the link? [15], The full title of Target 14.1 is: "By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution. 14 The contribution of aquaculture and fisheries to the gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the most commonly used indicators of its economic performance. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. [18] This indicator aims to measures the proportion of global fish stocks which are overexploited, fully exploited and not fully exploited. [34], The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had a positive impact on oceans since the human activity was lower and presented an opportunity for a sustainable recovery path. Protecting livelihoods and nature on Inle Lake. Staples, D., & Hermes, R. (2012). Seychelles dramatically expands its protected ocean. [1]. [8] Microplastics are another form of marine pollution. [30] Its mission is to also to recognize the small-scale fisheries sector dependents should be empowered to participate in decision-making with dignity and respect through integrated management of the social, economic and ecological systems. Increased ocean temperatures and oxygen loss act concurrently with ocean acidification and constitute the "deadly trio" of climate change pressures on the marine environment. Capacity-enhancing subsidies can only solve immediate poverty conditions for the moment. Goal 14 Targets. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.7.1 is the "sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP". No data is available for this indicator yet. [2] Ocean cation puts coral reefs and other species in danger which impacts the marine food chain and ecosystem services including fisheries, transportation and even tourism. (2019). 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